The Good and Bad of Audi Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Good and Bad of Audi - Case Study Example The founders then moved to Ingolstadt in Bavaria and formed the Auto Union in 1949, with loans from the Bavarian state government and Marshall Plan aid. In 1969 Audi Union merged with the world's largest motorcycle producer, NSU - the company was now known as Audi NSU Auto Union AG. Audi emerged as a separate brand. Then Volkswagen introduced Audi 1970 models to the United States. Nowadays Audi is a global developer and producer of high quality cars with production sites in Germany, Hungary, China, Belgium and India. In 2008, Audi sold a total of 1,003,000 cars, setting up a record for the thirteenth consecutive year. Audi is a premium member of the Volkswagen Group and it is interesting to note that technologies are first introduced into the mass market in Audi vehicles. Thereafter they conveyed to the more value oriented brands such as Volkswagen, Seat and Skoda. Audi is aware of the fact that consumers do not buy cars for rational reasons. Therefore, Audi moved ahead as a serious competitor in the global luxury segment in the early 1990s and now offers a wide variety of premium vehicles, the most famous of which is the Audi TT, launched in 1999. This car was designed for people with passion. There were other Audi models that appealed to the emotions, like the Audi A8, which was launched in 2003. In 2004 Audi launched the S4 convertible with a soft top and a 4.2 litre V8 engine for outstanding performance. The Audi A6 was also launched in 2004 and was extremely competitive in the executive segment. A more recent technology introduced by Audi is that of the Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) engines and the quick shifting dual-clutch gearbox (DSG). Currently, Audi is launching the most efficient standard sized sedan, the A4 2.0 TDT e with fuel consumption of 4.6 litres per 100 km and a carbon dioxide exhaust emission of 119 grams per hundred kilometers. This sedan features stop/start technology and a brake recovery energy system and comes with low resistance tires. QUALITY PROBLEMS In 2003 and 2004 the Volkswagen group ordered massive recalls involving various brands. One of these cases was a recall of 850,000 vehicles of VW, Audi, Skoda and Seat with 1.8 litre turbo engines, V5, V6 and V8

Innovator of the Modern Art Essay Example for Free

Innovator of the Modern Art Essay Jackson became one of the trendsetters of the modern art movement. His technique, materials and perception of art distinguished him from other equally talented 20th century artists. The artworks that he produced represented his enigmatic character. Though many were amused with his painting, there were also those who questioned his artistic talents and knowledge. But he did not let these criticisms compromise his distinct creativity. Pollock was categorized as an Abstract Expressionist artist primarily because of his infamous drip paintings including the â€Å"Convergence†. These drip paintings were painted on a large canvas on the floor. According to Pollock, painting on the floor made him feel closer to his painting. He was able to work on the different angles of the canvass by walking around it. This unusual technique was considered by Pollock as a way of being a part of the painting not just the typical creator of it. The act of letting the the paint drip into the canvass generated prolonged and continuous lines in which the paintings were dominated by white and black and sometimes there were hints of exciting bold colors. In addition, the drips of the paint were able to create a three dimensional effect making it tactile and visually appealing. With regards to the choice of materials, Pollock utilized uncommon paints and brushes. His paints were industrial and household paints that he described as the â€Å"natural growth out of a need † (Boddy-Evans, 2008, What Paint Did Pollock Use? ). Meanwhile, the brushes were deteriorated and hard to let the paint naturally drip down the canvas. Pollock explained his painting method as â€Å"new needs need new techniques† meaning the modern age requires new approaches to reflect its real essence (Boddy-Evans, 2008, What Paint Did Pollock Use? ). References Boddy-Evans, M. ( 2008). What Paint Did Pollock Use?. About Inc. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://painting. about. com/od/colourtheory/a/Pollock_paint. htm.

Compare and Contrast: The Difference Between the United States and Chi

According to Chinese bureau of statistics, some 70% of student who come to the United States from 1978 to 2010 stayed in The United States. The hard choice of whether stay in The United States or come back to China makes more and more Chinese people concentrate on a basic question: what is the difference between The United States and China. Although both The United States and China are world’s major economies, in terms of living and working, The United States has advantages over China in relationship between people, work relationship, and getting information. People in the United States show more trust to each other than people in China do. In the United States, returns of product can be made without receipt. However, in China, to return a product a receipt is required. Shop assistants want to make sure that consumers really bought product from their shop. They take it for granted that all consumers are not honest. According to Peter Hessler, a journalist of New Yorker magazine, after car accidents, American drivers will exchange telephone number for further negotiation. . Chinese driver naturally assume that people will not answer the phone call that calls them to pay money. Instead of telephone numbers, most of the times, drivers exchange cash to resolve the car accident. Chinese driver naturally assume that people will not answer the phone call that calls them to pay money. The difference between windows between the United States and China also indicates the â€Å"trust† difference. Generally, people in the United States live in house with no guard bars fixed inside or outside windows. In contrast, most of Chinese people who live on the first or second floor block windows with guard bars inside or outside the window in case ... ...ticles/2008/12/25/1229998632678.html [Accessed 12 August 2011]. Jiao Guobiao, 2004. Censorship in China. [online] Available at: http://www.international.ucla.edu/asia/article.asp?parentid=18567 [Accessed 10 August 2011]. BBC News, 2002. Bush’s â€Å"evil† comment stirs critics. [online] Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1796034.stm [Accessed 2 August 2011]. Macworld, 2011. Reports: Foxconn to close Apple iPhone factories in China: Apple device manufacturer ends suicide payments. [online]Available at: http://mobile.macworld.co.uk/ipod-itunes/news/index.cfm?newsid=3226585 [Accessed 2 August 2011] Kuhn, R. (2010) How China’s Leaders Think. Singapore: Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.. Hessler, P. (2010) Country Driving: A Journey Through China from Farm to Factory. Translated from English by Li Xueshun. Shanghai: Shanghai Yiwen Publishing

Hemingway vs. Faulkner writing styles

From the post Civil War era in which Faulkner was accustomed, to the early 1920s era of Hemingway ‘s short stories, both authors' focus remains on a similar topic. 0th authors were ealist writers who expressed their concern with the changes happening In America. However, the writing styles in which Hemingway used, compared to Faulkner, show many differences. By comparing the styles of Hemingway and Faulkner, readers find a contrast in the authors' use of sentence structure, word choice, and character development; but overall, they achieve a similar tone. In many of William Faulkner's short stories, such as â€Å"Barn Burning†, the sentence structure is complex; he describes vividly what Is happening by including small details about characters and setting others may find insignificant.Faulkner uses long, complex sentences that contain hyphens and colons to continue his Ideas throughout the sentence. In â€Å"Barn Burning†, Faulkner writes â€Å"Now he could hear h is father's stiff foot as it came down on the boards with clockwise finality, a sound out of all proportion to the displacement of the body it bored and which was no dwarfed either by the white door before it as though it had attained to a sort of vicious and ravening minimum not to be dwarfed by anything†¦ â€Å". Faulkner commonly uses great detail to describe even the simple sound of the father's faulty footsteps.Much of detail is unnecessary but adds effect to the sentence. Hemingway, compared to Faulkner, uses short sentences to complete his thoughts. His ideas are expressed bluntly, but the point is clear. Both authors use sentence structure to complete an overall tone in their writing. Both authors achieve a similar tone using sentence structure. Faulkner uses long, detailed sentences to add to the effect of his stories. Hemingway uses short, blunt statements to set the tone. Many of the two author's stories end with the same sad tone. The sentence structure the authors use can carry tone throughout his story as they wish.The word choice of an author determines how a reader interprets the story. William Faulkner uses more complex words than Ernest Hemingway. In Faulkner's stories, the words he chooses often are symbolic in a way. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily' Faulkner writes The word choice in the sentence sets a tone for the story. The word choice Faulkner uses often make up the complex sentences In his stones. HemlngwaVs word choice Is less complicated. His ideas are expressed bluntly through his words. It is easy for the reader to understand Hemingways stories without further interpretation. Hemingway vs.Faulkner writing styles By Icahoon Throughout time, individual authors have crafted varying writing styles that portray s short stories, both authors' focus remains on a similar topic. Both authors were realist writers who expressed their concern with the changes happening in America. vividly what is happening by including small details about cha racters and setting hyphens and colons to continue his ideas throughout the sentence. In â€Å"Barn † The often make up the complex sentences in his stories. Hemingway's word choice is less reader to understand Hemingway's stories without further interpretation.

Nature in Shakespeare’s Sonnets

Nature in Shakespeare’s Sonnets In Shakespeare’s fair youth Sonnets, the speaker uses imagery and metaphors from nature to describe man’s life cycle. While reading the Sonnets, it may seem at first that the main point of the Sonnets is that life’s purpose is to reproduce. However, after reading the fair youth Sonnets, it becomes clear that imagery from nature is used to prove that death is inevitable and should be accepted. The fair youth Sonnets are ordered in a specific way to resemble the life cycle of a man. As the Sonnets progress the overall themes of the sonnets seems to change.This cycle starts off with ‘Sonnet 1’ and ‘Sonnet 3’ and concludes with ‘Sonnet 73’ and ‘Sonnet 74’. Sonnets 1, 3, 7, 15, 60, 73, and 74 are all used to show this life cycle and its progression through life. In ‘Sonnet 1’ and ‘Sonnet 3’ it is clear that the speaker is attempting to get the point acr oss that reproduction is life’s only purpose. However, in ‘Sonnet 16’ – ‘Sonnet 73’ it is obvious that the theme changes drastically. No longer is reproduction the main point, but it changes to death and its inevitability.Throughout the Sonnets, nature is used as a comparison to help the speaker explain life in a way that helps the reader understand the true life cycle of man. It is understandable that death is inevitable for every living thing in nature. Reproduction is also required for every living thing to exist. In Sonnet 1 the speaker wants the reader to know that life is beautiful and reproduction is a result of that; â€Å"From fairest creatures we desire increase/That thereby beauty’s rose might never die/But as the riper should time decrease/His tender heir might bear his memory† (Sonnet 1 L. -3). The beauty of a rose is being compared to the beauty of man’s ability to reproduce and pass on the ‘fairest,â⠂¬â„¢ or beautiful, genes. In nature a beautiful rose can stand out among the brush in a forest, or in a garden a rose can be the most beautiful flower, just the way that man’s beauty will stand out among a crowd. This metaphor is used to explain to the reader that reproduction is necessary to pass on those genes that allow one man to stand out among others in a crowd. According to the speaker, this personal beauty will live on past death through reproduction.Personal beauty is a quality that everyone possesses; however, it is important for the reader to understand that in order for his/her specific beauty to be passed on reproduction is a necessity. The Speaker uses ‘Sonnet 3’ to help the reader understand this requirement; â€Å"Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest/Now is the time that face should form another† (Sonnet 3, L. 1-2). The reader is now being told that, when looking in a mirror, it is important to notice the inner beauty that ever yone is gifted with. This inner beauty must be passed on for these ‘beautiful’ genes to continue to exist.The tone of these few lines is a sense of urgency. ‘Now is the time’ that reproduction should happen, otherwise this chance might not appear again within this life cycle. If reproduction does not happen when life is in its prime, then nature will take its toll as man continues the journey through life. After ‘Sonnet 3’ it is clear that the transition from youthful to aged is starting to make its appearance. The speaker’s attitude toward reproduction starts to change after ‘Sonnet 3’ and is quickly switched to life in its prime.It is in the following Sonnets that the main point is no longer reproduction but rather death, and maturing throughout life. Sonnet 7 uses nature imagery to show this maturation, â€Å"When from highmost pitch, with weary car/Like feeble age he reeleth from the day/The eyes, ‘fore duteous, n ow converted are/From his low tract and look another way/So thou thyself out-going in thy noon/unlooked on diest unless thou get a son† (Sonnet 7, L. 9-14). A sunset is now being compared to the way a man’s life starts to fade away.Once the sun sets people stop admiring it as much, just the same way man won’t be admired if kin isn’t produced. Once the sunset reaches its peak, or the point where is finally disappears, it consistently turns darker, this closely relates the way that once life reaches a certain age, it moves faster and faster towards the end. The tone and theme of the Sonnets begin to change from this point on, focusing on the fact that life passes just as quickly as a sunset fades. After a sunset fades the sky suddenly becomes darker; and the darkness progresses as time passes through the night.The sunset is used as a metaphor for the way that a life fades after the peak, or the prime of life. ‘Sonnet 15’ uses a metaphor similar to that of a sunset fading, but this metaphor compares man’s declining quality of life after the prime to that of a plant once it reaches its full potential, â€Å"When I consider everything that grows/holds in perfection but a little moment/†¦ When I perceive that man as plants increase/Cheered and checked ev’n by the self-same sky/Vaunt in their youthful sap, at height decrease† (Sonnet 15, L. 1-8).The speaker shows that once life reaches its highest peak, it must begin to fall towards the end, or death. ‘Sonnet 15’ states that every living thing is perfect at one point in its lifespan. A flower is the most beautiful just at its peak before it starts to wither. Life is most beautiful in its prime; however, once that highest peak or ‘prime of life’ passes then the quality of life begins to decline. Instead of using a plants’ lifespan, or a sunset’s continuing darkness in ‘Sonnet 60’ to compare time passi ng, the speaker uses waves crashing on a beach.Just as waves crashing on the beach are replaced by new ones, the minutes that pass are quickly replaced by new ones. This metaphor helps paint a picture in one’s mind of the way that moments pass just as quickly as they show up; â€Å"Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore/So do our minutes hasten toward their end/Each changing place with that which goes before/In sequent toil all forwards do contend/Nativity, once in the main of light/Crawls to maturity wherewith being crowned/Crooked eclipses ‘gainst his glory fight/And time that gave doth now his gift confound† (Sonnet 60, L. -8). It seems that once the prime of life passes, the days, minutes and seconds pass by much faster than life before the prime. This shows that life is quickly changing and that those days of reproduction are in the past. The tone of the Sonnets has changed from being urgent to calm and peaceful just the way listening to waves cras hing is peaceful. This tone allows the speaker to accept the maturity that man faces as life passes its prime. Death seems to be rapidly drawing nearer.The imagery from nature allows the reader to get a better idea of what life will be like past the prime. According to the speaker life seems to be more peaceful past the prime, this symbolizes that death is being accepted. The tone in ‘Sonnet 73’ and ‘Sonnet 74’ is much different from that in ‘Sonnet 1’ and ‘Sonnet 3’ this shows that the life cycle is getting closer to the end. The tone is now dreary and melancholy as compared to the urgency and eagerness that the first few Sonnets portray.Sonnet 73 and 74 is where the end of the life cycle approaches and death is accepted, â€Å"But be contended when the fell arrest/Without all bail shall carry me away/My life hath in this line some interest/Which for memorial still with thee shall stay† (Sonnet 74, L. 1-4). Within these few lines death has finally been accepted by the speaker. The speaker now admits to being past their prime. Within these few lines there is a slight contradiction to the main point from the first set of sonnets. In the first Sonnets the main point was reproduction and the ability to live past death through offspring.Now the idea is that the speaker will live on through the lines of these Sonnets. This contradiction says that the speaker doesn’t necessarily believe what he is telling the reader. It now seems that the idea of reproduction was never accepted by the speaker. In the earlier sonnets the speaker was stating that to live on one must reproduce, however, in Sonnets 73 and 74 this is not the case. The reader is now being told that even though it is important to reproduce it is not important for the speaker to reproduce. The speaker may feel that he is an exception to the rule.As stated earlier the speaker feels that life is pointless without reproduction, â€Å"Too base o f thee to be rememb’red/the worth of that is that which it contains/and that is this and this with thee remains† (Sonnet 74, L. 12-14). The speaker says here that his body is almost worthless and the only worth he has is his spirit that is now written within the lines of these Sonnets. These Sonnets, which will be read for years to come, will be what keeps the speaker alive, not reproduction. Throughout the Fair Youth Sonnets it is clear that nature is used to help describe the life cycle of man.The tone and literary devices used in the first few sonnets in this selection imply that it is required to reproduce if beauty is to be passed on. Through the middle Sonnets the imagery shows that life is perfect right before and during its prime. After the prime has passed, life starts to fade away and the minutes pass quickly, in the same way that waves crashing on a shore pass and are replaced by new ones. In the later Sonnets the main point is no longer reproduction and its importance for existence but it is accepting death and living life peacefully until the end.

African American Kidney Access, African American Reluctance to Donate and Race-Based HLA Studies Essays

African American Kidney Access, African American Reluctance to Donate and Race-Based HLA Studies Essays African American Kidney Access, African American Reluctance to Donate and Race-Based HLA Studies Essay African American Kidney Access, African American Reluctance to Donate and Race-Based HLA Studies Essay African American Kidney Access, African American Reluctance to Donate and Race-Based HLA Studies Introduction: African American Kidney Access and Donation Problems: Variety meats are a scarceness in the United States. This is competently demonstrated by the fact that merely 8,000 of the 23,000 patients expecting a cadaverous kidney undergo organ transplant each twelvemonth. A common wellness status that is treated with kidney organ transplant is end phase nephritic disease ( ESRD ) . Alarmingly, the disease disproportionately affects African Americans. Members of the African American community are four times more likely to see ESRD than members of the white population. Despite consisting a greater per centum of the patient population, African American patients arenonmore likely to have cadaverous nephritic grafts. In fact, although African American patients comprise about 37 % of the ESRD patient population and 34 % of the kidney graft waiting list, they are receivers of merely 25 % of cadaverous nephritic grafts. African American ESRD patients besides typically see delay clip dual that of their white opposite numbers. The first inherent aptitud e of many may be to surmise that socioeconomic factors are the cause of this disparity. Because African Americans are concentrated in low-income communities they may, as a group, experience the same organ entree jobs that affect low income communities at big. This account, nevertheless, does non keep weight because African Americans are still merely 55 % every bit likely as Whites to have a cadaverous renal graft when commanding for income and geographic country. Many lines of enquiry have been borne out of this disparity, but the most popular account for the state of affairs is a race-based human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) derived function. HLA matching is among the standards used by the United Network for Organ Sharing ( UNOS ) to delegate precedence to patients who are on the waiting list to have a cadaverous kidney. The usage of HLA in delegating points to wait list participants is based on the fact that proper antigenic lucifer increases the rate of survival post-transplantation . Most surveies explain the African American kidney entree job with the being of HLA differences between racial populations. The proposed solution that typically follows this decision is to set clip and attempt into increasing organ contribution among African American communities, members of which are by and large loath to donate variety meats due to a general misgiving of the health care system. Clinicians carry oning HLA based surveies conclude that the issue of African American entree to kidneys is closely tied up with the reluctance of African Americans to donate. This is a debatable manner of nearing the issue of African American entree to cadaveric kidneys because it relies on race, a societal concept, to explicate immunological difference which is a biological phenomenon. The usage of race in these HLA surveies, so, consequences in ill-conceived solutions that do non efficaciously address the job. These race-based surveies conflate two jobs that are unrelated and should be dealt with individually: 1 ) African American entree to kidney grafts and 2 ) the reluctance of African Americans to donate variety meats. The fact that African Americans do non normally donate their variety meats has little to make with the fact that there is a kidney entree job in the community. Race-based HLA surveies do non adequately explicate the African American kidney entree job, and hence, their consequences should non be used to convert black populations to donate their variety meats. This statement will be supported by a treatment of the debatable nature of racial nomenclature in medical literature in general followed by an scrutiny of the manner in which these jobs apply to HLA surveies specifically. Attention will so be given to the normally proposed suggestion that attempts be made to promote African American organ contribution in the name of relieving the kidney entree job and why it is debatable. Finally, a better solution to the African American kidney entree job will be proposed along with and a more effectual and ethical attack to increasing organ contribution among African Americans. Misplaced usage of Race in Medicine: In order to discourse the jobs associated with the usage of race-based HLA surveies in treatments of organ entree among African Americans, an scrutiny of the jobs with racially-focused biological surveies in general is necessary. Racially based scientific surveies are inherently flawed because they use societal buildings in order to explicate scientific phenomena. The Oxford English Dictionary defines race as any of the major groupings of world, holding in common distinguishable physical characteristics or holding a similar cultural background. The usage of race in medical surveies stems, more or less, from fluctuations of this definition. The thought is that distinct physical features are genetically based, and because racial groups are defined by familial standards it merely makes sense that race has a topographic point in medical specialty. In world, nevertheless, racial boundaries are drawn along historical and sociopolitical lines, and it does non do sense to contorting familial intending out of classs whose standards are imbued socially. Harmonizing to Elisa Gordon, both the nonbiological and biological standards that are used to place races are arbitrary. For illustration, the racial classs in the United States are applied to people from different: geographic parts ( e.g. , Asians ) ; linguistic communications ( e.g. , Hispanics ) ; faiths ( e.g. , Jews ) ; and putative tegument colour ( white, ruddy, xanthous, brown ) . The classs identified by Gordon unite groups of people that may hold loose familial commonalties at best. In fact, surveies have shown that the familial difference that exists between members of the same racial group is comparable to the familial difference that exists between members of different racial groups. Gordon besides argues that lone associations between cultural patterns and wellness should be drawn from clinical surveies, instead than associations between race and genetic sciences. This is because if members of racial groups portion anything in common it would be unquestionably un-genetically coupled cultural patterns ( and even this is non a given ) . This fact entirely should deter researchers’ efforts to associate race and genetic sciences. Making so leads to inherently flawed decisions sing the causes of wellness issues impacting peculiar racial groups and promotes the usage of ill-conceived solutions. As Dorothy Roberts puts it, a renewed trust in built-in racial differences provides a convenient but false account for relentless unfairnesss de-spite the terminal of de jure discrimination. Debatable Race-Based HLA Studies: Race-based HLA surveies used to explicate the African American organ entree job operate under the same debatable premises present in general in race-based medical specialty. These surveies are designed with the thought that racial lines are drawn along biological difference instead than historical and sociopolitical parametric quantities. This is evident in the rhetoric normally used in the surveies. The treatment subdivisions of the bulk of these documents frequently provide the account that HLA subtypes that are common in white populations are uncommon in African American populations. Because of this, African Americans are less likely to have nephritic grafts because the organ donor population is comprised of the white bulk, and the HLA patterns present on white kidneys will by and large non be a good lucifer for African American ESRD patients. This account might do sense if the surveies were good designed both scientifically and linguistically. This, unluckily, is non the instance . In general, the race of HLA survey participants is determined by the clinicians carry oning the surveies. The fact that the research workers determine the race of the participants introduces societal and cultural prejudices into the survey. There is no scientific mechanism for finding whether an person is black, white or a member of any other racial group. Therefore, clinicians rely merely on socially prescribed thoughts of what it means to be a member of a peculiar race phenotypically. For illustration, conventionally, persons who are identified as black typically have darker tegument than persons who are identified as white. A clinician carry oning a race-based HLA survey must trust on this loose differentiation entirely when categorising persons in a survey. A deficiency of rigorous standards for distinguishing between racial groups invites great possible for mistake, and the usage of the beliefs of research workers to delegate patient classs is a far call from the use of the r ules of grounds based medical specialty on which the scientific community prides itself. Self-identification by the patients has been a proposed solution to this job, but this is debatable in and of itself. Most African Americans can non follow their lineage past one or two coevalss, if even that much, go forthing room for mistake even with self-identification. The assorted and cloudy lineage of most African Americans invalidates any claims made about the familial differences between black and white populations. Because black populations have a history of blending with white and Native American populations, it does non do sense that specific familial markers, HLA subtypes in this instance, would be more concentrated in black populations than in other racial groups. Additionally, it is hard to categorise phenotypically black Americans for HLA subtyping because it is likely that they portion familial similarity with other racial groups despite a deficiency of physical similarity. Self -identification is besides flawed because it relies on each participant’s single apprehension of race. For illustration, two survey participants with similar lineage may place with different racial classs depending on their personal beliefs. Effectss of Misguided Conclusions of Race-Based HLA Studies: The blemished nature of race-based HLA surveies consequences in ill-conceived decisions. The consequences of these flawed surveies wrongly demonstrate that the HLA patterns found on the kidneys of white and black patients are significantly different. This implies that a kidney coming from a white giver is improbable to be a lucifer for a black patient in demand of a nephritic graft. Because most givers in the register are white, black ESRD patients are at a disadvantage in footings of organ entree because there are non adequate givers that are a good immunological lucifer for them. The solution that follows from this logic, so, is to set clip and energy into convincing African Americans, who typically have a low organ contribution rate, to donate their variety meats. This solution is unsafe for two grounds. The first is that it attempts to work out a job deeply rooted in societal issues by superficial agencies. The fact that African Americans still have limited entree to kidneys when commanding for income and the debatable nature of race-based accounts of the disparity indicate that there is a deeper issue lending to the African American organ entree job. Regardless of what the issue is, it will go on to be if clinicians continue to fulfill themselves with solutions that do non turn to the root cause of the issue. The over-reliance on race-based HLA surveies detracts energy and financess from more meaningful research that may take to effectual solutions. More dismaying than this is the fact that these surveies mislead non merely research workers and policy shapers but besides an full subset of the population. Encouraging populations who are loath about going organ givers is a good thing as it increases the figure of variety meats available to salvage the lives of ill patients. However, when organ procurance organisations and health care professionals use the consequences of race-based HLA surveies in order to convert African Americans to donate their variety meats, they are proposing that the black community has something extra to derive from this action. This is non true, and it is unjust and uneffective to try to alter the attitudes of a community that has strong reserves about donating due to a historical misgiving in the health care system by disregarding this misgiving and utilizing easy but uneffective solutions alternatively. Organ procurances bureaus should non convert African Americans to donate in the name of assisting diminish the unfairnesss that affect their communities. This is misdirecting and incorrect. Alternatively, attempts must be made to understand the misgiving that fuels African American reluctance to donate. Root Causes of African American Kidney Access: African Americans experience disadvantages at all phases of the transplant procedure. It is widely acknowledged that factors such as personal and cultural beliefs, unequal graft exercise and referral holds by nephrologists play a function in hindering entree at the pre-waiting list phase. However, one time African American patients have been referred for graft and go active on the delay list they still see drawn-out delay times. This disadvantage is about entirely explained by the race-based HLA derived function. Reliance on this account detracts from reforms that could dramatically diminish delay times for African American patients. One such reform that was studied over a 10 twelvemonth period at the University of Maryland trades with the usage of givers who are positive for Hepatitis C. African Americans are twice every bit likely to be infected with Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , so the allowed organ transplant of HCV positive variety meats may be effectual in shuting the spread in d elay times because African American and non-African American delay list members. The execution of this system at the University of Maryland School of Medicine over a 10 twelvemonth period allowed the delay clip for African American patients to be cut from the national norm of 1,335 yearss to 647 yearss. The station organ transplant endurance rates under the system were comparable to those under a system in which Hepatitis C positive givers are non used. African American Reluctance to Donate: Although a race-based HLA derived function should non be used to promote organ contribution by African Americans, the low contribution rate of the population still merits treatment. Surveies that seek to explicate the deficiency of enthusiasm in the African American community sing organ contribution cite a figure of grounds such as deficiency of consciousness and spiritual beliefs. The most alarming, nevertheless, that regularly reappears in the literature is a misgiving of the medical community. There is a long history of mistreatment of African Americans in health care. Possibly the most publicised issue, nevertheless, is the Tuskeegee Syphilis survey in which legion African Americans were lied to about their wellness status and told they were having intervention when they were non. This, along with other likewise dismaying happenings, has shaped African American attitudes towards organ contribution and the health care system at big. Today, about 38 per centum of African Americans refuse to donate their variety meats. The most normally expressed ground is the fright that as organ givers they will non have equal medical attention. As a community, African Americans do non swear that physicians will make all in their power to salvage them before reaping their variety meats for organ transplant in another patient. Despite these reserves, African Americans report a willingness to donate if they can be assured that their variety meats will assist members of their ain community or if they can be straight donated to persons of a specified ethnicity. A clinician running one survey reported that African Americans will be more likely to donate if people realize their organ contribution can do a difference for their friends and neighbours, the people in their church and their community. This is exactly why the usage of race-based HLA surveies is debatable in the attempt to promote organ contribution by African Americans. The consequences of HLA surveies are being used to do it look as though the organ contribution of an African American person will assist a member of his ain community, but more African American contribution will make nil to relieve the organ entree job. Although their purposes may be baronial, organ procurance bureaus are working African American communities by utilizing the consequences of HLA surveies in this manner. Organ procurement bureaus must alternatively concentrate on a more effectual and more honorable manner to promote black communities to donate variety meats. Battling the misgiving that many African Americans feel towards the health care system will non be a speedy and easy procedure, and it must get down with increased cultural competence preparation for health care practicians and an consciousness of the manner in which unconscious p rejudices cause them to handle African American patients otherwise. An investing in this type of instruction will slowly construct trust because medical and African American communities, ensuing finally in increased organ contribution rates among African Americans. It will besides potentially increase African American entree to variety meats due to a lessening in healthcare-related barriers to entree like physician perceptual experience of post-transplantation endurance of African Americans. Decision: The usage of the consequences of race-based HLA surveies to convert African Americans of the importance of going organ givers is debatable and unethical. The usage of race in scientific literature is inherently flawed in and of itself, and its application to the job of African American organ entree comes with its ain set of jobs. The suggestion of these surveies that increasing organ contribution among African Americans will somehow cut down the organ unfairness impacting the black community is based on ill designed surveies, and should non be used to promote the black community to donate. Alternatively, stairss should be taken to understand the root cause of both the unjust distribution of variety meats every bit good as the reluctance of the black community to donate. Merely after clinicians cease to trust on the wrong impressions propagated by race-based HLA surveies, and discontinue trust on superficial solutions will these highly of import jobs be solved.

Free Essays on Facing It

Facing It In the poem, â€Å"Facing It,† Komunyakaa Komunyakaa writes of his personal experience visiting the Vietnam Veterans Memorial after surviving the Vietnam War, and the inevitable aftermath of death’s reality. In the poem he touches on the feelings he experiences while coming to terms with the loss of friends. While visiting the memorial Komunyakaa is not only reminded of those he lost to the war, but also of the injustices those serving endured at the expense of their race. In a true example of man versus himself he allows the reader to experience the emotional reuniting he has with his feelings while at the memorial. The thematic issues of race, inequality, and realism are significantly present in the undertones of his poetic expression. Komunyakaa uses connotations and denotations to develop these themes. He uses them to draw the readers attention to the reality that race played not only in the war but also in his experiences at the memorial. Komunyakaa places great emphasis on the comparisons he draws through the connotations of light and dark. His constant contrast of light, white, and reflection are starkly evident when marked against death, night, and black. The poem’s racial tense theme begins in the two opening lines, â€Å"My black face fades, hiding inside the black granite.† (1-2) This theme of racial contrast is developed further as the poem transitions back and forth from light to dark. An important turning point in the poem is when Komunyakaa writes of the white veteran who fails to see him and instead looks through him as they both face the wall. The language of race separates two men who both served, and survived the same war, â€Å"A white vet’s image floats closer to me, then his pale eyes look through mine. I’m a window.† (25-27) The white vet sees through him as though he is not even there. He refers to himself as a window, something that people undoubtedly... Free Essays on Facing It Free Essays on Facing It Facing It In the poem, â€Å"Facing It,† Komunyakaa Komunyakaa writes of his personal experience visiting the Vietnam Veterans Memorial after surviving the Vietnam War, and the inevitable aftermath of death’s reality. In the poem he touches on the feelings he experiences while coming to terms with the loss of friends. While visiting the memorial Komunyakaa is not only reminded of those he lost to the war, but also of the injustices those serving endured at the expense of their race. In a true example of man versus himself he allows the reader to experience the emotional reuniting he has with his feelings while at the memorial. The thematic issues of race, inequality, and realism are significantly present in the undertones of his poetic expression. Komunyakaa uses connotations and denotations to develop these themes. He uses them to draw the readers attention to the reality that race played not only in the war but also in his experiences at the memorial. Komunyakaa places great emphasis on the comparisons he draws through the connotations of light and dark. His constant contrast of light, white, and reflection are starkly evident when marked against death, night, and black. The poem’s racial tense theme begins in the two opening lines, â€Å"My black face fades, hiding inside the black granite.† (1-2) This theme of racial contrast is developed further as the poem transitions back and forth from light to dark. An important turning point in the poem is when Komunyakaa writes of the white veteran who fails to see him and instead looks through him as they both face the wall. The language of race separates two men who both served, and survived the same war, â€Å"A white vet’s image floats closer to me, then his pale eyes look through mine. I’m a window.† (25-27) The white vet sees through him as though he is not even there. He refers to himself as a window, something that people undoubtedly...

Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex

Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex Temporal Lobes The temporal lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. They are located in the largest division of the brain known as the forebrain (prosencephalon). As with the three other brain lobes (frontal,  occipital, and parietal), there is one temporal lobe located in each brain hemisphere. The temporal lobes play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation. Structures of the limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the temporal lobes. Damage to this area of the brain can result in problems with memory, understanding language, and maintaining emotional control. Function The temporal lobes are involved in several functions of the body including: Auditory PerceptionMemorySpeechLanguage ComprehensionEmotional ResponsesVisual PerceptionFacial Recognition Limbic system structures of the temporal lobe are responsible for regulating many of our emotions, as well as forming and processing memories. The amygdala controls many of the autonomic responses associated with fear. It regulates our fight or flight response, as well as helps us develop a healthy sense of fear through fear conditioning. The amygdala receives sensory information from the thalamus and other areas of the cerebral cortex.  In addition, the olfactory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. As such, the temporal lobes are involved in organizing and processing sensory information. Another limbic system structure, the hippocampus, aids in memory formation and connecting our emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. The temporal lobe aids in auditory processing and the perception of sound. They are also vital to language comprehension and speech. An area of the brain called Wernickes Area is found in the temporal lobes. This area helps us to process words and understand spoken language. Location Directionally, the temporal lobes are anterior to the occipital lobes and inferior to the frontal lobes and parietal lobes. A  large deep groove known as the Fissure of Sylvius separates the parietal and temporal lobes. Temporal Lobes: Damage Damage to the temporal lobes can present a number of issues. Damage resulting from a stroke or seizure can produce an inability to understand language or to speak properly. An individual may have difficulty hearing or perceiving sound. Temporal lobe damage may also result in the development of anxiety disorders, impaired memory formation, aggressive behavior, and hallucinations. In some cases, patients may even develop a condition called Capgras Delusion,  which is the belief that people, often loved ones, are not who they appear to be.

Discuss a specific aspect of two essays that had an impact on you Assignment

Discuss a specific aspect of two essays that had an impact on you - Assignment Example This expresses the form of lying to oneself in the sense that individuals tag along with what people think is right yet deep inside they have a different view. Ericsson encourages individuals need to stand for something or fall for anything. This phrase does describe the image presented by group thinking individuals fall for the mindset presented by a group blocking individual ideas. Ericsson explains that this form of lying combines other forms of lying such as ignoring facts omissions denial and selective memory (Ericsson, 2005). The essay salvation introduces us to a 13-year-old boy. The Christian description of salvation as presented by the boys’ aunt gives the boy the idea of what to expect in his salvation process (Hughes, 2003). The boy believes in this definition that he struggles in his process of finding salvation. The boy does not get the chance to find his own meaning of salvation he sticks to the definition, and experience presented by other people (Hughes, 2003). He lies about being saved to make his aunt and happy, but he is haunted deeply by this act. Lying does have consequences many times we lie and feel guilty. At some point, we have participated in-group thinking and most times we end up regretting actions done because of doing what other people suggest. It is true to say that lying does lead to

Leadership Issues - Empowerment of Employees Essay

Leadership Issues - Empowerment of Employees - Essay Example Internal commitment is developed when workers or employees remain committed towards a person, program or project for their own personal motives. Since the complete decision making authority and responsibilities of a work rests with the worker or employee empowered, the question arises as to whether in that case the position and role of a manager becomes irrelevant or not (Dubrin, 2008, p.204). Extensive research has been conducted on the subject and different researchers have brought forth different perspectives. It is important to discuss whether employee empowerment calls for the complete removal of position of managers in organizations or they still stand to have their position and responsibility in directing group activities towards the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. In this study, a critical analysis is provided on the subject with particular reference to the management and leadership literature. The various views of researchers on the subject are complied an d brought to the fore to arrive at a comprehensive conclusion. ‘Empowered employees’ negates the need for managers- Critical Analysis The debate between employee empowerment and the role of managers can be most prominently viewed with regards to the hotel industry. Most employees in this sector are trained by managers to handle the guest incidents happening at the spot along with good judgement which includes being promptly, professional and courteous. This is aimed at improving services delivered to guests and consequently their satisfaction level, creating a better working environment for employees and creating time for managers to focus on other tasks and managerial activities. According to Brymer (2002) this is not only unusual and unnatural approach towards managing hotel activities but also surprising as the decision making authority accounts for the most important task that managers long for. At the first place the task for managing guests is quite a challenging task which could be difficult for workers or employees to manage. Researchers have regarded this as an indulgence in the way that employees would be inclined towards giving away too much without taking into consideration the costs or its impacts on the bottom line (Brymer, 2002, p.58). The argument has been countered by the fact that decentralization of decision making has been particularly successful in the quest services oriented organizations which includes hotels, restaurants and the like. This success has gradually created a step by step framework which has been used by the hospitality sector for the implementation of employee empowerment programs. These programs have been implemented for long in the hospitality sector and have achieved considerable success also (Brymer, 2002, p.58). Researchers have emphasized on the existence of trust on the part of the supervisors and managers on their subordinates to empower them which determines whether empowering employees would be succes sful or not. However, empowering employees to the desired organization responsibilities and decision making authority does not completely rule out the requirement or need for managers or the requirement of managerial activities though (Straiter, 2005, p.87). It is the managers’ responsibility to determine the competency, reliability and responsibility of the subordinates. Researchers like McAllister (1995), argues that this can be a complicated and uncertain process which

Critically analyse Hofstede's 'Cultural Dimensions' What correlation Essay

Critically analyse Hofstede's 'Cultural Dimensions' What correlation does Hofstede make among groups of countries and ho - Essay Example He was the originator of relative intercultural research. His publication which proved to be a land mark in defining organizational cultural aspects was ‘Cultures and Organization: Software of the Mind’ (1991). He is renowned for his contribution in developing the earliest experiential replica ‘dimensions of national culture’. In this model he established a pattern for explaining the different elements pertaining to culture of global economics, collaboration and communication with reference to multinational company IBM. This model later gave rise to the development of a model for explaining the organizational cultures. Due to his extensive contribution in the field of intercultural research he is regarded as the foremost representative of cultural studies. His research work is now use as a study tool in different subjects including management sciences and psychological studies (Greet Hofstede, 2012). The cultural theory of Hofstede deeply describes the impac t of culture on the inhabitants of a society. Initially he used the factor analysis to develop a model which correlates the values and behavior. At first the theory projected four aspects of culture through which values could be examined. The original model contained individualism v/s collectivism, masculinity (the impact of gender over the cultural values), power distance (distribution of power and the vigor of social hierarchy) and uncertainty avoidance. Later Hofstede included one more aspect to his model, the long-term orientation. The 2010 edition of his famous book ‘Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind’ has an addition of another aspect, indulgence v/s self restraint. Later additions to the original model have enabled to differentiate between evaluation of individual and country level statistics (Hofstede, Geert et al., 2010). The Hofstede’s work on cultural dimensions has stimulated the research in social beliefs. In order to develop his theory Hofstede examined the 116,000 of IBM with varying backgrounds and lifestyles. They all represented 66 different nations of three regions of the world. Research was based on questionnaires and it was undertaken somewhere between 1968 and 1972. After recognizing the five different dimensions of culture Hofstede categorized them as being generalize able for every society or region of the world. As almost all the society have the same cultural issues and aspects. To further analyze the dimensions he developed an index to plot to the countries under consideration as per their scores (Sven Rosenhauer, 2009). The brief description of the model is as follows (Martin Sebastian Scheuplein, 2010): Power Distance It describes the value or ‘power’ that an individual or society possess with respect to others. It is explained in the form of hierarchy that reflects the ‘distance’ of authority between different groups. Low power distance refers to minimum level of inequali ty among the members of society and high power distance reflects the other point of view. Individualism v/s Collectivism Individualism maintains distance from subordinates in the organization and focus more on the achievement of personal goals whereas collectivism encourages the cooperative efforts in order to achieve goals and objectives. Individualism is based on the ‘I’ approach that working alone is better than belonging to a group. Masculinity/Femininity There is an obvious difference between

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Research Paper

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Research Paper Example The Book of Mormon was marketed on the 26th of March 1830. A year after the extensively cited analysis of Alexander Campbell charged it of clarifying all the major concerns talked about in New York throughout the 1820s, as well as â€Å"infant baptism, ordination, the trinity, regeneration†¦ even the question of free masonry, republic government, and the rights of man† (Winn, 1990, 20). Aspects in the book did appear to relate with several of existing issues at that time and to address its readers’ mental and emotional needs; several converts made use of the book as prescribed by Campbell. Numerous, nevertheless, did not. In truth, the Book of Mormon, in comparison with the Bible, was used sparsely (Winn, 1990). Smith’s revelations and converts mention ‘Book of Mormon and the holy scriptures,’ setting aside the ‘holy scripture’ for the Bible (Barlow, 1997, 44). God scolded the members of the Church for not giving little importance t o the Book of Mormon. According to Morris (2006), W.W. Phelps, Mormon writer, protested that the Saints would instead seek mysteries and miracles in the Bible than find out details communicated in the Book of Mormon. Mormon publications during the 1830s mentioned the Bible several times as frequently as the Book of Mormon, and in the sermons presented to Nauvoo, Illinois for which current documentation is available, Smith reworded the Book of Mormon a number of times but mentioned or reworded the Bible hundreds of times (Morris, 2006).  ... Numerous, nevertheless, did not. In truth, the Book of Mormon, in comparison with the Bible, was used sparsely (Winn, 1990). Smith’s revelations and converts mention ‘Book of Mormon and the holy scriptures,’ setting aside the ‘holy scripture’ for the Bible (Barlow, 1997, 44). God scolded the members of the Church for not giving little importance to the Book of Mormon. According to Morris (2006), W.W. Phelps, Mormon writer, protested that the Saints would instead seek mysteries and miracles in the Bible than find out details communicated in the Book of Mormon. Mormon publications during the 1830s mentioned the Bible several times as frequently as the Book of Mormon, and in the sermons presented to Nauvoo, Illinois for which current documentations are available, Smith reworded the Book of Mormon a number of times but mentioned or reworded the Bible hundreds of times (Morris, 2006). Even though he illustrated the Book of Mormon as more accurate than any other manuscript and as â€Å"the keystone of our religion,† (Parry, 2004, 17) there are very few proofs that he gave an effort to analyze its text as he studied the Bible. The Book of Mormon was given due importance by its followers, but it did not turn out to be the foundation for the early Church tradition and dogma, the everyday revelations of Smith accomplished that. It would linger for a succeeding period of Saints to embrace as idols those Book of Mormon icons like Nephi, Moroni, and Alma (Parry, 2004). The very first Mormon chose the Bible, in spite of the flaws they discovered in it. Malachi, Zechariah, and Nahum were not indefinite or unclear icons for them and their colleagues (Barlow,

One of my life experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One of my life experiences - Essay Example I began to stutter from the age of six. My habit affected my daily routine activities and had drained me off all of my confidence. It affected my school performance and presentation skills. Once, I was chosen by my teacher to give a presentation on my report. I could not even finish half of my presentation when I was asked to come down from the platform because I was stuttering very much and was being unclear in my speech. Such kind of embarrassments started making me avoid conversations with people and even answering the phone. I had become very conscious about myself since I had to suffer humiliation very frequently due to my stutter. To avoid humiliation, I usually kept quiet in class discussions and different gatherings. These aspects were making me anti-social and isolated from the world. I had come to a point in life when I thought that I would never be able to live a normal and successful life. Around this time, something happened that changed my life forever. I went to an exh ibition in Dubai that displayed inventions from new researchers. The researchers and inventors had to present their ideas in front of hundreds of people. To my amazement, one of the presenters was stuttering while presenting his invention.

Cyber Security in Business Organizations Case Study - 1

Cyber Security in Business Organizations - Case Study Example However, Target had half a year prior to that installed malware detection systems from the FEYE computer security firm (a very reputable provider with equally renowned clients, such as the Pentagon and the CIA). Target had an expert team at Bangalore to monitor the system securities at all times. In any event of suspicion or malicious activity concerning system security, this monitoring group immediately informs the Minneapolis security operations center. On Saturday 30th November, when the hackers were putting in place the escape route of the data that was to be stolen, installed FEYE system spotted the malicious activity and the Bangalore team conveyed the sensitive information to the Minneapolis group, as was the stipulated protocol. However, the Minneapolis team failed to respond to the red flag from Bangalore, and the theft of over forty million credit card numbers eventually occurred (Riley, Elgin, Lawrence & Matlack, 2014, March 13). The reasons why this warning was not acted upon are not clear at the moment, amidst a plethora of speculation and on-going investigation. I believe the main reasons why the red flag was ignored were chiefly negligence concocted with a lazy hubris from the assumption that the security system that had detected the malware in the first place would inevitably also halt any such attempts on its own. Perhaps they wrongly assumed that the system could not be hacked into as a result of the technology they had in place, confident that such attempts were feeble and futile. This is a recurrent failure of most cyber security personnel (Augastine, 2007). According to the email statement issued by Gregg Steinhafel (the chairman, president and CEO of Target), Target had, in the wake of the hack, performed a thorough review of its employees, technology and processes so that they are better placed to improve their system security and gain valuable lessons from the unpalatable event. This is actively

One of my life experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One of my life experiences - Essay Example I began to stutter from the age of six. My habit affected my daily routine activities and had drained me off all of my confidence. It affected my school performance and presentation skills. Once, I was chosen by my teacher to give a presentation on my report. I could not even finish half of my presentation when I was asked to come down from the platform because I was stuttering very much and was being unclear in my speech. Such kind of embarrassments started making me avoid conversations with people and even answering the phone. I had become very conscious about myself since I had to suffer humiliation very frequently due to my stutter. To avoid humiliation, I usually kept quiet in class discussions and different gatherings. These aspects were making me anti-social and isolated from the world. I had come to a point in life when I thought that I would never be able to live a normal and successful life. Around this time, something happened that changed my life forever. I went to an exh ibition in Dubai that displayed inventions from new researchers. The researchers and inventors had to present their ideas in front of hundreds of people. To my amazement, one of the presenters was stuttering while presenting his invention.

Contemporary management issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Contemporary management issues - Essay Example The project would be conducted through a critique of secondary sources on a wide range of topics that relate to the Greek financial crisis. To this end, various authoritative sources would be examined to provide important information about the topic under review. The Greek Financial Crisis Video images of demonstrations and other harsh economic conditions in Greece are not uncommon in the media. Greece has been at the forefront of a major financial situation that can be attributed to their inability to meet the requirements of the European Union (Sladek, 2010). Many debates and arguments have ensued about the appropriateness of the country continuously remaining as a member of the European Union (Sladek, 2010). However, the rules of the European Union requires that the country discharges its obligations to the European Union and works to meet all the requirements of the Common Market. On the other hand, many Greek citizens are very unhappy about the changes and adjustments that are r equired. The root of the Greek financial crises can be traced to the fact that the country has maintained a government that carries out uncontrolled spending which leads to high sovereign debts (Pasiouras, 2011). The European Union requires that member states' governments cut down on subsidies and excessive spending amongst other things (Levy, 2012). However, Greece has a history that goes back to years of running a welfare-state modelled on the principles of Communism (Grawitzky, 2012). This is because from the period before Greece joined the European Union, the nation maintained a system whereby the public sector was the primary engine of the economy. The public sector was the largest controller of resources and the public sector also employed the vast majority of workers in the country (Grawitzky, 2012). Impact of EU-membership on Greece Greece's membership of the European Union came with several requirements and expectations from the article of membership (Pettifer, 2012). This is because the European Union is built on the elements of supply-side economics which requires the private sector to be the main and primary engine of growth of the economy (Pettifer, 2012). This is connected to the fact that the European Union was formed by nations that were on the Capitalist side of the Cold War. These nations believe in allowing people to work to earn their expectations in life, rather than get the state or government to control resources. The clash between the European Union and the Greek economy meant that there was an inevitable conflict which would require Greece to dismantle its public-sector oriented economy in favour of a more privatized system. The European Union seeks to create a Single Market that would promote property owning democracy across member states with the hope of promoting efficiency through the principles of Capitalism. Greece joined the Union in 1981 but it has been slow in dismantling its welfare-structured system in favour of a Capitalist model of governance where competition was encouraged (Sladek, 2010). In spite of these realities, Greece has been repeatedly ruled by parties that are Socialist in outlook (Sladek, 2010). These parties have continued to uphold the welfare-oriented practices of the government and reforms and conformity with EU principles have come rather slowly. Around the year 2005, pressure from the European Union increased and the problems in the Greek public sector was uncovered (Pasiouras, 2011). The country was not able to pay its sovereign debts and the International

Bend It Like Beckham Essay Example for Free

Bend It Like Beckham Essay In the movie â€Å"Bend It Like Beckham† Jess has to face the problems of what she wants and her family wants for her, but in the end she chose what makes her happy even if her family doesn’t approve. The first abysmal conflict was that Jess gets in a horrible fight with her best friend Jules over their soccer coach Joe. This causes the team to go separate ways and this makes Jess feel really bad about herself, so then she goes to Jules’s house and tries to make everything better. In Jules’s room, Jules and Jess began to talk. Jules was furious with Jess because she knew that Jules liked Joe. This also causes to Jules’s mom to think that they’re lesbians and thinks that, that’s why she was so depress. The second antipathy her sister Pinky tells her parents that Jess is playing behind their back, but on the same day that Pinky’s future husband’s parents come and tell pinky that she can’t marry him because they saw Jess making love to a blonde. So what Jess’s parents make Jess stop playing soccer and later on Pinky is getting married, Jess gets so caught up she can’t go to soccer practices. In fact, the day before Pinky’s and the soccer tournament Joe and Jules told her that there’s going to American recruiting. So before taking the pictures it’s a big Indian tradition thing, Jess’s father Mr. Bhamra lets her go to the tournament which Jess wins and gets a scholarship to Santa Clara University in California. If I were jess I would exactly what she would do because I probably wouldn’t be happy for the rest of my life and a person who Jess didn’t know wouldn’t make her happy. She was doing the right thing but in the end, she had to do what was best for her.

Dominant Women in Society :: essays research papers

In the story Hunger as Ideology by Susan Bordo women are portrayed as passive and inferior to men. Bordo looks into advertisements to prove her point about how visible it is that women are how they are suppose to be dainty and quaint. In the movie â€Å"The Thomas Crown Affair† it is totally opposite; the woman in this story is independent, strong, and self-reliant. She is able to outsmart him and prove to him that she is able to survive without any help. The modern women has transformed and broken the stereotype and have made their way into society as an equal. Nowadays, advertisements depict how women should act, dress, and eat. For example in Hunger as Ideology, it show two different advertisements for Haagen-Dazs Ice cream, one with a man who just finished a half-pint smiling, the other with a woman who just took a bite from her ice cream bar. Although very discreet, the message is visible to consumers. Another example, are the sugar-free Jell-o ads, where an attractive slender woman is leaning back on a chair eating jell-o from a glass. Above the picture is a quote which says, â€Å"I’m a girl who just can’t say no. I insist on dessert†. To the side of the ad, it states, â€Å"Every woman is entitles to her just desserts. Just as long as dessert is Sugar Free Jell-O Gelatin. It’s light and fruity and fun. And it’s only calories.† This ad emphasizes on how women want dessert, but its only okay to have it if its sugar free. â€Å"The dessert you don’t have to desert† because itâ€⠄¢s sugar free. Same concept with the Wonder Light Bread, in this ad two women are side by side on a park bench one holding a carrot, the other happily smiling with a sandwich and the ad saying, â€Å" You’ll think your cheating, but you know your not†¦It’s Wonder Light bread†. These ads accentuate how its okay to eat a lot, as long as you eat â€Å"light†. Women look upon these ads and are convinced that this is how they are suppose to be, but in the Thomas Crown Affair, the message is completely opposite. Catherine Banning, is the insurance lawyer for the case against the stolen Monet painting in the â€Å"Thomas Crown Affair†. It is evident that she is a strong independent woman who needs not to rely on anyone especially a man.

Virginia Woolf Essay -- Novelists Authors Writers Essays

Virginia Woolf In recent times there has been a renewed interest in Virginia Woolf and her work, from the Broadway play, â€Å"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?† to the Academy award nominated film â€Å"The Hours† starring Nicole Kidman. This recent exposure, along with the fact that I have ancestors from England , has sparked my interest in this twentieth century British novelist. During the early part of the twentieth century, artists and writers saw the world in a new way. Famed British novelist Virginia Woolf was very sensitive to this change, for she felt that human relationships such as ones between a husband and wife of master and servant were shifting, due to all of the political, religious, and social changes. These, of course, transformed into modifications in literature (Richter 3,4). Conventional forms of writing did not portray truth, but rather dealt with certain aspects of life that were distorted and then pieced together via descriptions, coincidences, and transition passages (Blackstone 13). Feminine sensibility was an aspect that could be brought into the novel, and therefore Woolf employed new forms and techniques to her novels (Bernard 12). Through these changes, she consciously made the decision to change the novel from a genre that was developed and dominated by men, to a form that would depict the â€Å"movement of things under the surface--the free play of thought, emotion, insight† (Blackstone 12-13). Due to the transforming atmosphere of the time, Woolf was allowed to explore new territories. At the thrust of Virginia Woolf's writing was the creation of reality. â€Å"The center or meeting place for experience was, to Virginia Woolf, the moment—a cross-section of consciousness in which perception and feelings conv... ...iracy: Vanessa Bell and Virginia Woolf. Boston: Little, Brown, 1990. King, James. Virginia Woolf. New York: W. W. Norton, 1994. Marder, Herbert. Feminism & Art, A Study of Virginia Woolf. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968. Naremore, James. â€Å"The World Without a Self: Virginia Woolf and the Novel.† Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Sharon K. Hall. Detroit: Gale Research, Vol. 5, 1981. Richter, Harvena. Virginia Woolf, The Inward Voyage. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970. Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1925. Virginia Woolf. The Literature Network. 22 Jan 2005. Virginia Woolf. Wikipedia Encyclopedia. 22 Jan 2005. â€Å"Virginia Woolf.† Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Microsoft, 1994.

Rising Immigration Rate of Canada

Immigrants make up a considerable proportion of the Canadian population. At the time of the 1991 Census, there were 4. 3 million immigrants living in Canada, which is 16% of the total Canadian population. (See Graph 1, Immigrants as a Percentage of Canada's Population, 1901-1996) Over the past decades the level of immigration in Canada has increased from an average of 137 000 immigrants arriving in Canada in the 1960s to an average of about 200 000 in 1998. See Table1, Annual Immigration Plan 1998) The largest share of immigrants admitted into Canada are in the economic class, in 1994, close to half of the new immigrants coming to Canada were economic class immigrants. Immigration is needed to maintain the Canadian population; â€Å"Canada will be an aging society with such a low birth rate that it will soon be unable to sustain its population without sustained immigration. † Immigrants are a source of labour to the Canadian economy; immigrants are as likely as people born in Canada to be employed, and many are skilled workers that the Canadian economy is in need of. Business class, investor and entrepreneur immigrant help to provide job opportunities in the economy, and also generate more economic activities and income for the Canadian economy. â€Å"Analysis of data from the household/family file of the 1981 Canadian Census of Population reveals that, regardless of origin, immigrants benefit the Canadian-born population through the public treasury. † Immigrants are an aid to the Canadian economy as a result of its ability to sustain the aging population, to provide labour, and job opportunities. Firstly, Canada, like other rich countries of the world, will become an aging society with such a low birth rate; Canada will soon be unable to maintain its population without taking in immigrants. The low birth rate will soon lead to a shortage of future workers for the labour force. As we enter into the twenty-first century, there will be more older people requiring pensions, and in need of extra health care, but there will not be enough young workers entering the job market to support these needs. The fertility rate in Canada is roughly 1. 66, which is below the replacement rate of 2. and less than half the fertility rate of 3. 63 during the baby boom. Despite the number of children is currently growing because the large number of baby boomers are having children, â€Å"this so-called echo effect will have run its course by the early part of the next century so that, in the absence of much higher immigration, Canada's population will begin to decline. † According to Statistics Canada, the Canadian population will stabilize at 31 million in 2026 if the fertility rate of 1. 66 is maintained and 140 000 immigrants are accepted per year, and it will then begin to decline. If the rate of immigration is raised to 200 000 per year, the population will stabilize in 2035, at 34 million, before it begins to decline. The immigrant population is older, on average, than the Canadian-born population because immigrants tend to arrive in their prime working years. Also, it must be noted that children born to immigrants are included in the Canadian-born population rather than the immigrant population. Secondly, of all immigrants accepted into Canada, close to 50% are in the economic class consisting of business immigrants and skilled workers. See Table 2, Immigration Levels, 1998 Canada, Quebec* and Other Provinces) Most immigrants tend to arrive in their prime working years. Immigrants living in Canada are more likely than people born in Canada to have a university degree, in 1991, 14% of immigrants aged 15 and over had a university degree, while only 11% of people born in Canada had a university degree. Immigrants with post-secondary qualifications are more likely than those born in Canada with post-secondary qualifications to be graduates of professional programs in engineering, mathematics, and applied science. See Graph 2, Economic Category Persons Admitted, 1994-1996) For example, in 1991, 17% of immigrant men were graduates of these programs, where there were only 9% of Canadian-born men were graduates of these programs. Immigrants are also more likely than people born in Canada to have full-time, full-year jobs. In 1991, 63% of employed immigrant men and 50% of employed immigrant women worked at full-time, full-year jobs, compared to 59% of Canadian-born men, and 45% of Canadian-born women. According to Employment and Immigration Canada, in 1989-95 the fastest growing occupations include computer programmers and system analysts, data processing equipment operators, and technical salespersons, as well as occupations in health care. But fact is that Canada does not have enough skilled workers to work in these fields, therefore Canada must import workers skilled in these fields, and immigration is the best way to import these workers. There is a higher percentage of immigrant men working in professional or management occupations then Canadian-born men. In 1991, 32% of immigrant men worked in these fields, while only 27% of Canadian-born men worked in these fields. (See Table 4, Comparison of Employment between Immigrant and Canadian-Born Workers) Canada, like other industrial countries will be facing a shortage in skilled workers; Canada will have to open its borders to increased immigration by foreign workers, especially workers with education and skills. â€Å"In fact, industrial countries could find themselves competing for certain types of foreign workers. â€Å"

Rationality and the Ethical Life-Aristotle and Kant

What is rationality and the ethical life? According to Aristotle and Kant, they have different views on what these two things mean. Aristotle explained that a virtuous activity has an intermediate position of excess and deficiency and also a mean relative to us. The definition of virtue is a mean, insofar, as it aims at what is intermediate. Aristotle listed ten virtues in his book that he saw as being most important in becoming a virtuous human being. Aristotle also explained that we must become who we are on our own. Kant explained that humanity is defined as being rational. It is our duty by nature to act morally because we are rational. We have absolute worth because we are human beings. Aristotle and Kant have many similarities and differences in their understandings of the ethical life. Aristotle explained that the virtuous life is the excellent life, which is the happy life, which is the rational life. To be rational, we must practice the ten virtues. Rationality is rooted in our actions. If we see someone doing something out of the norm, we usually conclude that they are irrational. Our actions play a huge role on what we believe in society to be rational or irrational. Aristotle’s understanding of the rational person is someone who practices the ten virtues in a public life because you cannot lead an excellent life if it is a private life. I agree with Aristotle because in order to become rational, you must practice these virtues while interacting with others. Aristotle also believes that the highest good is happiness. Happiness is the human function Happiness is the ultimate end for human beings and happiness alone makes life worth living. However, we must achieve our own happiness by doing something with excellence. Aristotle explains that in order to lead an ethical life, we must leada rational life. Humans are born with the capabilityof becoming virtuous. We must become who we are. Kant explains that because we are human we are rational. All human beings are rational so it is universally shared. Categorical imperative explains tat we must act morally. Our intensions are to be moral when acing and it is our duty, by nature, to act morally. When we act, our intentions are always for goodwill. Kant understood that with rationality comes freedom. When one is rational and free, then one is moral, which explains moral law. Because we are humans, we have absolute worth. I cannot use someone as a means to my ends. Slavery is an example of using humans as a means to some sort of ends. The law of humanity explains that we have absolute worth because we are humans and you cannot put a price on human beings. Kant believes that human beings have absolute dignity and worth because we are human. While studying both the philosophers, I found more differences than similarities in their works. I believe that both philosophers make interesting arguments in what it really means to lead the ethical life. While Aristotle explained that we must become virtuous throughout our lives by interacting with others and leading an excellent life to find happiness. Kant explained that we are born with absolute dignity and worth because we are human. Aristotle and Kant both argue that because we are human, we are rational people. They both believe that because we are human, we have the capability of becoming rational.

Anthem for Doomed Youth

Choose a poem in which you feel there is a significant moment which reveals the central idea of the poem; show how the poet achieves this in an effective way. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. The poet achieves this through many poetic techniques such as depersonalisation and alliteration. The first hint of content of the poem comes in the title, the paradox of ‘Doomed Youth' implies that it will not be a happy poem but the first line is significant as the central idea of the poem is revealed. â€Å"What passing bells for those who die as cattle?† The rhetorical question at the very beginning of the poem draws the reader in making them think fully about the ideas carried on through the rest of the poem. From the very start we are aware that the people who are dying are not considered important as the writer refers to the people as ‘those'. Also the depersonalisation as he calls them ‘cattle' implies that they were thought to be no more than animals. They also lose their own personal identities. ‘Cattle' also implies that the men do not have voices and needs that anyone else – anyone human – can understand. As a reader I feel that opening the poem with a rhetorical question is very effective. However in the second line of the poem Owen personifies the guns – ‘monstrous anger' – showing that the guns are worth more and have a louder voice than the men who are dying, which links to the first line as the men were depersonalised. Also Owen uses the word ‘stuttering' to describe the rifles which could imply that the soldiers are young and nervous referring to ‘youth' in the title. The reader feels sympathetic towards the young soldiers. Again Owen implies that the soldiers are not seen as individuals by the use of ‘Can patter out their hasty orisons'. By using the word ‘their' Owen shows how the soldiers were grouped together. This idea is carried on to the next line with ‘No mockeries for them' as he refers to the men as ‘them.' The idea of ‘mockeries,' ‘prayers', ‘bells' and ‘mourning' all are associated with death and funerals, but the repeated use of ‘No' tells us that no one respected the soldiers enough for a proper burial, it could also imply too many of the soldiers were dying. This also relates to the question at the beginning of the poem. The reader feels angry that the soldiers are not respected in their deaths. Although the second stanza starts the same way as the first stanza – with a rhetorical question – the ideas suggested are different. â€Å"What candle may be held to speed them all?† Unlike the first rhetorical question this implies that there is not anything good or big enough to show respect to all the soldiers who died in the war. This rhetorical question also links the first and second stanzas together as they both start the same way. Also death is portrayed in a more positive light, as the people at home respect the soldiers. This is shown by the ‘holy glimmers of goodbyes' by the use of the word ‘holy' the poet shows the reader that the soldiers were respected greatly. Owen also implies that only in death with the torture of war end which makes the reader feel sympathy for the soldiers and anger for the pointless destruction that war causes. In contrast to the treatment of the soldiers in the first stanza the writer tells the reader that the soldiers will be missed as he says about the women at home: â€Å"the pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall;† This shows that they were worried about their husbands, brothers and sons. This is carried through the next line when Owen tells the reader ‘their flowers the tenderness of patient minds' showing that the war is not only affecting the soldiers but their loved ones who are left behind. This makes the reader sympathetic towards the soldiers and their family and friends. The idea of respect is carried on in the last line as the alliteration of ‘And each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds.' slows down the pace of the words and ‘drawing down of blinds' symbolises the end of another soldiers life as drawing down blinds was a mark of respect when someone died. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. Through many poetic techniques such as word choice, alliteration and personification the writer effectively creates a moment which the central idea is revealed. Anthem For Doomed Youth Throughout this poem there is a theme of mourning and funeral. In the first stanza it is almost sarcastic with instruments of war conducting a service on the battlefield for their victims. The guns become ‘passing-bells' and shells become ‘demented choirs'. The second stanza takes us back home where the true mourners are. The poet speaks of how ‘the holy glimmers of goodbyes' will shine in the eyes of boys instead of their hands and how ‘the pallor of girls' brows' being the ‘pall' of the dead. The last two lines, for me carry the greatest effect and meaning: ‘Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds' The first is about the disappointment of people who have worried and waited for a long time and whose pain can only be expressed in small gestures or things such as flowers. The second could be interpreted in many different ways. It could be referring to the custom of drawing down of blinds but it could also be about the end of a life and hope leaving as reality settles. These two lines also delineate the pointlessness of hoping as the dead were ‘doomed' and predestined for slaughter in the way that ‘cattle' are in the first place. ‘Anthem For Doomed Youth' is structured like a sonnet and has a very strong rhyme which never appears to be forced and does not interrupt the meaning of the poetry. Indeed, most things about the structure and choice of language appear to be unforced as they are so well incorporated with one another and only after the second reading does one realise how carefully thought out they are. In the first stanza, there is a large use of onomatopoeia: ‘stuttering', ‘rattle', ‘patter', ‘wailing'. This has the effect of bringing the reader to the battlefield. Wilfred Owen has personified the warfare and made the rifles ‘stutter' and the shells ‘wail'. He has also made them come to life; guns cannot be angry and neither can shells be ‘mourning'. This forms an image in the first stanza that is slightly ‘demented' and disturbing. He often repeats vowel sounds and uses alliteration throughout the poem. In ‘the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle' the ‘a' sound is repeated along with the alliteration of the ‘t's. The words of the poem are cleverly chosen to heighten the expression of the poem in the way it is read. For instance, in the quotation about the rifles above, the alliteration he has chosen to make makes the sound interrupted and quickens the pace. This also reminds of the panic and rushing of war. In the final lines the words are not ones that can be said quickly: ‘flowers', ‘patient', ‘minds', ‘slow', ‘blinds'. This dramatically slows the pace of reading and makes them more expressive because it makes the reader think that the poem also dies with the soldiers or the hopes for the soldiers' lives. What is interesting is that there are no phrases that bind this poem to the First World War. Of course, it was written about it, but if given to a reader who did not know about Wilfred Owen or his works, they could think it was about any or all wars after the invention of the rifle. The poem does not mention trenches or gas. ‘These who die as cattle' are not necessarily British, neither are they necessarily of any side in war; they are the collective dead. ‘The guns' are not our guns or their guns. In the preface for a book of poems he intended to publish, Wilfred Owen wrote ‘My Subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity.' ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' is unique in that the pity is not only for the soldiers of the First World War, but also for those who suffered the loss of people they loved. It can be raised to a universal level where it comments on the shame and futility of all wars. In his other poetry, there is often blame involved but in this poem he evokes an air of sadness and waste only. There is genius behind the phrasing of it, but it is almost hidden because of its perfection.

Public perception or opinion on GREEN IT practices in Organisations Essay

Public perception or opinion on GREEN IT practices in Organisations - Essay Example The adoption of Green IT ensures that IT technologies have minimal impact on the environment. Today’s businesses, organizations, learning and government institutions are dependent on technology. For instance, it is now possible to shop from the comfort of our homes thanks to the ever growing IT technologies. People are nowadays more glued to their Personal Computers, laptops, smart phones and every kind of electronic devices that simplifies communication. With every passing day, newer, better and more advanced communication devices are released to the market. This implies that the older versions quickly become obsolete and outdated and are constantly replaced with the newer ones. This reliance on technology also implies that more ink and paper are used. The introduction of Green IT to organizations, therefore, is a move that aims at reducing the use of environmentally harmful materials, improve energy efficiency during the use of IT materials and market biodegradability and re cyclability of all IT waste materials in various organizations (Wilcox & Charlotte 2009). This ensures that the IT practices of an organization do not have adverse effects to the environment. In order to promote ICT sustainability, it is important to study the concepts involved and the impact that their adoption in various organizations will have on the environment. This study helps us identify the potential practices that once incorporated in the everyday activities within an organization will help minimize the impact of IT use on the environment. The success of the practice of Green IT largely depends on the public’s acceptance of the practice. People have felt the impact of environmental degradation and are now willing to accept green practices. More people are getting involved in environmental conservation practices and therefore the sustainable ICT. Public Perception of Green IT An environmentally green neighborhood directly translates to a better quality of life of a co mmunity. This implies that greener landscape promotes healthy living. Before a given group of people can accept new life practices, there is a need to educate them on the importance of the practice and to impact to their lives. The results are practices and daily activities that minimize waste and thus conserve the environment. The public will always be worried about accompanying results that comes with the adoption of sustainable ICT. These include financial concerns, perceived disconnects and misperception of terms. While most people in organizations had never heard of Green IT, many considered it as a service or infrastructure delivered by the government. Contrary to the reality, a group of the public also considers introduction of Green Computing to organizations as more expensive. Consequently, people are more concerned on the cost of installation of the sustainable IT infrastructure and their respective maintenance costs. Green IT: Green IT Practices in Organizations The opera tion and communication within organizations have gone paperless. The use of printed hardcopy materials is being minimized with the adoption of electronic archiving and documentation. Instead of using hardcopy documentation, organizations are now promoting the adoption of softcopy materials thereby minimizing the use of

Religious Belief versus Intellectual Acceptance Essay

Religious Belief versus Intellectual Acceptance - Essay Example Theology is the organizing and systematizing of the doctrines of a religion to make them consistent with each other and relevant to the rest of life. It means the evaluation and correction of doctrine. One doctrine is not just as good as another unless it gives equal expression to the same belief, equal in the sense of being as true to experience and as easy to understand in the terms of its expression. A detached study of doctrines in relation to knowledge as a whole is undertaken in the philosophy of religion (Foster, 2000). Some doctrines do not change with changing a life but remain constant because the aspect of the experience to which they refer remains constant. An example, to be discussed more fully later, is the doctrine of the two natures of Christ. Working with the facts of Jesus' humanity and the conviction of his Deity as well, the Church after rejecting doctrinal formulations expressed in terms of dual personalities, or dual wills, or Divine spirit inhabiting a human body, settled on the doctrine of the two natures; namely, that Christ was fully man and fully God, yet one person (Willard, 2000). The doctrine of the two natures of Christ is held to this day because a better formulation of the central conviction has not been found. And, of course, insofar as there is similarity of belief and culture, there will be similarity of doctrine--hence, the degree of consistency within a particular religion that sets it apart from other religions. For example, in the doctrine of the Trinity--that God is one in three persons--person means something quite different from our contemporary idea of a person. Failure to appreciate this often makes people think that Christianity affirms the existence of three Gods. Or again, Protestants affirm their faith in the "holy Catholic Church," even though for many of them the first association of the word catholic is with the Roman Catholic Church rather than with the universal body of Christian believers, as they really define it.

Hume Of the Standard of Taste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hume Of the Standard of Taste - Essay Example In this essay, I first of all, purpose to discuss what Hume proposes to be the condition for beauty. Secondly, I will demonstrate how an object can be termed as either beautiful or not, based on the proposal. In addition, I will analyze the factors that motivated this proposal by Hume, and lastly, examine whether there is sufficient reason to support Hume’s proposal. What is the condition for being beautiful? Hume is of the opinion that for something to be beautiful, then it must be able to have durability, uniformity, and generality in admiration (I.XXIII.12-13). For example, an object that has been around for many generations and withstood the criticisms leveled against it can be said to be truly beautiful. However, an object that was once considered beautiful but has since faded into history cannot be termed as beautiful since it lacks durability. In as far as general admiration is concerned; a beautiful thing tends to gain appreciation from people of multiple cultures all over the world. From Hume’s point of view, the observer’s mind must be at an ideal state of serenity and free of external hindrances and prejudice, while judging the beauty of an object (I.XXIII.11). In addition, Hume states that the observer must also pay very close attention to the object by focusing all thought on the object in order to study its finer details (I.XXIII.11). How does a beautiful object differ from one that is not beautiful? At the outset, Hume seems to agree to the fact that the beauty of an object only lies in the eyes of the observer. For example, Hume writes that a man of sense in as far as arts are concerned is more likely to differ with a man who has no sense of art, concerning the beauty of an object (I.XXIII.23). Similarly, according to Hume, a young man is more likely to consider tender and affectionate images as more beautiful (I.XXIII.30). On the other hand, Hume writes that an old man may find beauty in philosophical and wise teachings tha t teach on the value of life (I.XXIII.30). In Hume’s opinion, beauty can only be achieved if the human mind is free of all internal obstructions and external hindrances. Drawing form these expressions, it is clear that Hume perceives beauty as not stemming from the qualities of an object, but by the capacity of the object to stir up certain sentiments in the observer. Hume gives the example of how two of Sancho’s kinsmen were asked to give their opinion regarding the excellence of a hogshead (I.XXIII.16). Everyone knew that the wine was of superior quality, yet, when the two men tasted it, although both agreed that it was good, one noted that there was a bit of leather taste in it, while the other one noted that there was a silver taste in the wine. Hume goes on to narrate that the two men were ridiculed for their judgment, yet when the hogshead was emptied, therein lay an old key tied ton a leather thong (I.XXIII.16). In reference to this example, it is clear that alt hough people may unanimously decide that something is beautiful; there are critics who may find flaws by carefully studying the object under observation. What is Hume’s motivation for his proposal on beauty? Firstly, Hume tends to draw his motivation for proposing that beauty is an effect on the mind from the fact that beauty is valued by everyone, while ugliness or deformity is usually a repulsive characteristic. Nonetheless, different people have different opinions regarding which objects are beautiful and which ones are not. Secondly, from Hume’